Process for the elaboration of a formulation based on polyurethane and the mucilage of opuntia ficus-indica with applications in the manufacturing of synthetic skin-like flexible coatings

ABSTRACT

The present invention refers to a process for the elaboration of a formulation based on polyurethane and mucilage of Opuntia ficus-indica with applications in the manufacturing of synthetic skin-like flexible coatings, in combination with textile substrates such as polyester, cotton, polyester and cotton10 or, with polymers such as PVC, polyurethane, among others, independently of whether it is water-based or oil-based, so that the warp of the substrate allows the generation of rolls of the coating for multiple uses and applications such as tapestry, book cover or as a substitute for coating covers for different objects that require a coating providing an external protection; this formulation has multiple applications since it has the advantage of being biodegradable and it lowers the use of contaminating plastics that contaminate the environment

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention refers to a process for the elaboration of a formulation based on polyurethane and the mucilage of Opuntia ficus-indica with applications in the manufacturing of synthetic skin-like flexible coatings, in combination with textile substrates such as polyester, cotton, polyester and cotton 10 or either with polymers such as PVC, polyurethane, among others, independently of whether it is water-based or oil-based, so that the warp of the substrate allows the generation of rolls of the coating for multiple uses and applications such as tapestry, book covers or as a substitute of covering coatings for different objects that require a coating providing an external protection; this 15 formulation has multiple applications since it has the advantage of being biodegradable and it lowers the use of contaminating plastics that contaminate the environment; despite using chemical and biological compounds such as Opuntia ficus-indica, the process is characterized by the use of machinery and systems that are predominantly mechanical, for which it is considered to be an invention 20 of such kind.

BACKGROUND

The use of cactaceae plants belonging to the Opuntia ficus-indica, has been the preference principally in the food industry due to the benefits obtained with disease treatment, being the most common ones 25 diabetes, osteoporosis, lowering of cholesterol, natural antibiotic, gastrointestinal problems, colon cleansing, obesity treatment and, in some early stages of cancer principally; these plants are quite resistant to plagues and diseases but, on occasion, they can be attacked by cochineal, when there is an excess of water fungal diseases will appear 30 principally on the plant.

Some patents where the mucilage of Opuntia ficus-indica is not used are the following: Patent number WO2013105841A1 that consists of a 5 method for producing silage containing cactus and argan-tree by-products, in which the silage is prepared by grinding cactus waste <something missing here> the process to obtain a silage based on cactus products and products derived from the argan tree, characterized by the fact that it comprises the following preparation steps:

-   -   a) Completely grind the pieces of cactus fruit (1) to obtain a         ground material (2) that contains the peels, pulp and seeds of         the fruits;     -   b) separating the ground material (2) seeds of the fruit (3) and         mash (4) peels and pulp of the cactus fruit.     -   c) Add to the paste (4) die (5) consisting of a mineral and         vitamin compound, urea and wheat bran to obtain a first mixture         (6);     -   d) Add the mixture (6) argan pulp (7), the argan cake (8) and         the cut straw (9) to obtain a second mixture (10);     -   e) homogenize and knead the mixture (10) and apply a lactic         fermentation (1 1) to obtain a silage (12); and     -   f) Mix the silage (12) with a corrective agent (13) to obtain a         complete and balanced feed (14) to dispense to the animals in         production.

In a way such that a material grounded and separated from the seeds of the ground material is used to obtain a mash of peel and pulp without seeds. The mash is then combined with a mixture composed of urea, mineral salts and wheat 25 bran to obtain a first mixture. This last one is combined with ground argan pulp, argan flour and ground straw to obtain a second mixture, that is anaerobically preserved and it is subjected to lactic fermentation. After a preservation period of two to three weeks, the silage is produced and from here on it is used as a silage formulation for ruminant animals 30 in production, basic products of subcactus and argan products. These subproducts that contain, separately, important nutritional benefits are still undervalued in animal feeding. Nobody thought that protein subproducts associated to argan energy mince the cactus in a good nutritious food. This association is particularly beneficial since researchers found omega 3 fatty acids in the cactus of goat meat (Vasta et al., 2008; Abidi et 5 al., 2009; Atti et al., 2006) and also in animals fed with Products from the argan tree (Holland et al., 2008). Nevertheless, the uses proposed in this document are substantially different.

U.S. Pat. No. 7,455,863B2 denominated flexible elastomer articles and methods of manufacturing, in which a material, a botanical extract, is incorporated, into an elastomer emulsion, solution and/or plastisol to improve the physical and therapeutic properties of the articles made from these materials. In another aspect, the invention refers to coating of surfaces of flexible elastomer articles with a mucus polysaccharide or a non-Aloe vera mucinous botanical that is fortified with known additives to 15 protect, restore and moisturize the skin or the mucosa of mammals and to improve the ease of application or donnability of the item.

The flexible elastomer articles include gloves and other single or multiple layer flexible elastomer articles. Specifically, it is about a flexible glove that comprises at least one layer of an elastomer 20 and having a surface in contact with the user and a distal surface arranged distal to the surface in contact with the user and a coating material of Nopal that contains Nopal and free of Aloe Vera, applied to the surface in contact with the user or both to the surface in contact with the user and the distal surface; this product is very different to the invention.

25 Other uses for the plant's mucilage is in cosmetics such as patents WO2013040389A1, U.S. Pat. No. 9,163,374B2, WO2017027603A1 among others that have used the mucilage in this industrial sector.

However, there are jobs to perform scalding and utilization of Opuntia ficus-indica such as the so-called scalding effect and the use of chitosan over the 30 frozen nopal's quality (opuntia ficus-indica), of the Research Center for Food and Development, that divulge that nopal cladodes are a special vegetable, known under the name nopalitos, is part of the daily food in countries like Mexico. There are many ways to consume it and, on many occasions, it serves to control certain metabolic alterations such as diabetes, obesity and cholesterol. However, it has been 5 reported that this product's quality is affected by the enzymatic browning, specifically produced by polyphenol oxidase and the secretion of mucilage, caused principally by cutting of the stalk. In this work the goal was to minimize changes in the quality of the frozen nopal using scalding and different concentrations of chitosan. This is because 10 scalding is one of the steps of freezing and of other processes with which the stabilization of vegetable product quality is achieved, mainly due to enzymatic inactivation and the reduction of the microbial load. On the other side, in the last decades, the use of chitosan has become more generalized in many areas such as the food industry and regarding its 15 uses in vegetable food technology its uses as protecting film, antimicrobial agent, and even as a reducer of enzymatic activity in whole fruits make it a potential nopal quality preservative agent. In this work, the effect of scalding time at 70° C. (TE) and the chitosan concentration (CQ) (0.0, 0.1,0.2, 0.3% p/v) in nopal quality were evaluated 20 immediately after scalding and during its storage at −20° C. for 6 months. The quality parameters that did not show a significant effect (p>0.05), at the beginning of the experiment were: pH, L* value and b* value. The variables affected by the treatments (p<0.05) in this same stage of the work were: titratable acidity (%), total soluble solids 25 (°Brix), drainage volume (mL), texture (N), a* value and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) enzymatic activities. In general, most of the analyzed variables showed an increased in relation to the utilized raw material. The titratable acidity showed increases in a 0.75 to 0.9% range due to the addition of chitosan. Regarding total soluble solids, an increment of 2 to 2.5° Brix was observed, due to the increase in the scaling time and the chitosan concentration. Texture behavior was similar and its range was between 2.8 to 3.4 N; but in this invention scalding is not required and much less freezing. 

1-5. (canceled)
 6. A process for the elaboration of a formulation based on polyurethane and mucilage of Opuntia fucus-indica with application in the manufacturing of synthetic skin-like flexible coatings CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT it comprises an homogeneous mixture obtained by vigorous agitation of liquid polyurethane, pigments and additives; in this mixture the speed is reduced by a rate of 90% of the agitation used to prepare the homogeneous mixture and the Opuntia ficus-indica powder obtained in the previous stage is poured little by little until obtaining again a homogeneous mixture with the following phases or stages: A. CLEANING OF THE CLADODES—In this state, care should be taken with the cladodes (without fruit) of the Opuntia ficus-indica plant to avoid loss of the mucilage, and it is important to look after the health, the good physical shape and absence of defects in the materials, the homogeneity of size and the freshness, and finally the weight of the nopal; The cladodes between 1.5 and 2.5 years old are collected, preferentially during the period with the highest drought, preferentially harvesting them during the morning when the tissue acidity is higher, and a solution of (i) potable water, cupric hydroxide and chlorine (1:5:4 volume/volume/volume) is prepared; conventionally they are submerged into this liquid for disinfection and cleaning, however, the spines are not removed with this process—this is why in order to accelerate the process, first they are poured in a container with this solution (i) propelling them by flotation and they are mechanically pressed to submerge them, so the impurities from the environment advance towards a filter so through decantation the impurities are removed and later they are passed through a conveyor belt that makes them pass through a pressure curtain of the same solution (i) that eliminates the spines but it is calibrated in a way that it does not affect the cladode's dermis, later they are passed through a vibrating sieve to eliminate them by gravity and again they are passed through a second curtain of purified water; this stage from the immersion to the elimination of the spine<s> has a duration of between 10 to 15 minutes; B. TRITURATION AND DRYING With the clean cladodes of the previous stage and using the hopper of a conventional trituration machine, the cladodes are triturated into fragments preferably of 1 to 2 centimeters in size and the exiting product is transported preferentially using spindles to a solarium where it is spread out and kept in the process of drying for a period of at least 48 hours to 120 hours, making sure that every 24 hours the chunks of cladodes are moved around so the sun will impact them uniformly and the humidity will be eliminated in a homogeneous fashion; and C. MILLING, PULVERIZATION AND MAGNETIZATION. The chunks of dehydrated cladodes that are in the solarium, are sent to a machine that triturates them to facilitate their pulverization; during pulverization particles with a size from 0.149 mm to 0.177 mm of Opuntia ficus-indica should preferentially be obtained; however, at this point, the powder obtained from the mill contains mixed particles that can be classified as fine but also as coarse. The following step is the separation of coarse particles form this powder using a sieving machine using, preferably, a mesh 100; thus, the powder obtained from the milling is poured out onto the sieving machine's surface and, using an engine and springs, vibrations are applied to the sieve to separate fine from coarse; finally, preferentially using the sieved fine and that have particles that measure between 0.140 to 0.150, they are passed through a magnetic field induced on them to eliminate ferric impurities since they will adhere to the magnet's poles; The powder obtained with this process allows to <obtain>concentrate the plant's dehydrated mucilage since conforming to the bibliography in the state of the art, its characteristics are not altered <and the> moment of start of the process, it is made in the majority of its forming chemical compounds. This technical characteristic will bring technical characteristics significant to the products of the present invention.
 7. The use of the formulation from claim 6, elaborated with the process from claim 6, characterized by the fact that the saturation of the Opuntia ficus-indica's formulation forms a conventional mixture in concentrations of polyurethane-formulation of 1:3 and it is used for the sublimation of textile garments because they are placed over a nonstick paper band that serves as a first shiny substrate and with the desired engraving. This paper band passes through at least one curing oven and at least one blade in the following manner: the formulation is poured over the nonstick paper (application) and it is scraped with the blade, then it is passed through an oven where it is dried at temperatures over 150° C. Then the nonstick paper is positioned over the textile garment (for example chemises, pants, table cover, etc.) in such a way that when raising again the temperature between 130 and 160° C. the mixture is transferred to a textile garment as a final substrate through the process of sublimation, but with the advantage that the mucilage present in the formulation prevents the polyurethane from hardening in areas where it was applied, and the pigment permits it to fix to the garment, with this application the garment acquires smoothness;
 8. The use of the formulation from claim 6, elaborated with the process from claim 6, characterized by the fact that the saturation of the Opuntia ficus-indica's formulation forms a conventional mixture in concentrations of polyurethane-formulation 1:2 they are placed over a textile band that serves as first substrate and the warp is impregnated at least on one side of the fabric or warp that can preferentially be polyester, cotton, polyester and cotton, that when the temperature is raised between 130 to 160° C. the formulation dries so it can be applied iteratively until formation of a malleable and flexible coating, so that this coating can be used for tapestry, covers, table covers, etc. (final substrate), where the coating has characteristics of resistance, impermeability, antifungal, antibacterial, is biodegradable and substitutes for conventional plastics that are highly contaminating; and
 9. The use of the formulation from claim 6, elaborated with the process from claim 6, characterized by the fact that the saturation of the Opuntia ficus-indica's formulation forms a conventional mixture in concentrations of polyurethane-formulation 3:1 they are placed over a textile band that serves as first substrate and the warp is impregnated at least on one side of the fabric or warp that can preferentially be polyester, cotton, polyester and cotton, that when the temperature is raised between 130 to 160° C. the formulation dries so it can be applied iteratively at least on four occasions until forming a hard coating that serves as a biodegradable synthetic skin whose destiny is the manufacturing of shoes or plaques of material with diverse applications as a final substrate. 